Vertically oriented capacitor structure with sloped contact opening and method for etching sloped contact openings in polysilicon

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a vertically oriented capacitor structure, which is of particular usefulness in MOS DRAM memory modules. The structure has upper and lower polysilicon capacitor plates separated by a dielectric layer, each of the plates and dielectric layers sloping at an angle with of about 80-85 degrees with respect to an underlying silicon substrate. As such, the novel capacitor is formed in a sloped contact opening. The contact area of electrical connection of the lower capacitor plate with an underlying active region has a sufficiently small horizontal cross-section that the contact area will not extend laterally beyond the active region and leakage will not occur. A method for forming the contact opening is disclosed and comprises first, the formation of an active region, preferably located between two insulating bird&#39;s beak regions, and covering the active area with a thin layer of oxide etch barrier material. A polysilicon layer is then formed above the oxide etch barrier. The etch is subsequently performed with the use of a diatomnic chlorine etchant. Four embodiments are disclosed as variations on the step of etching the polysilicon with the diatomic chlorine etch chemistry.

This is a divisional patent application of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 08/589,622, filed on Jan. 22, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,170 titled VERTICALLY ORIENTED CAPACITOR STRUCTURE WITH SLOPED CONTACT OPENING AND METHOD FOR ETCHING SLOPED CONTACT OPENINGS IN POLYSILICON.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. The Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a sloped contact opening in a polysilicon layer, and a method for etching the sloped contact opening which is selective to oxide. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a vertically oriented capacitor formed within a sloped contact opening in a layer of polysilicon with an underlying oxide etch barrier layer, and a corresponding method for forming a vertically oriented capacitor within the sloped contact opening.

2. The Relevant Technology

Integrated circuits are being designed on an increasingly smaller scale. The smaller scale is necessary to make the integrated circuits more efficient, and aids in constructing the integrated circuits at a lower cost. These are particularly desirable characteristics in certain areas such as DRAM fabrication. One difficulty, however, in fabricating integrated circuits such as DRAM memory modules is in allocating sufficient surface area for the many capacitors that are required therein.

Traditional MOS capacitors are horizontally oriented and require a high amount of surface area. To overcome this problem, the prior art has used various forms of vertically oriented capacitors, including "stacked" capacitors. Such capacitors have a cylindrical shape with an inner plate made of a conducting material such as polysilicon, the inner plate being surrounded by a dielectric such as silicon dioxide, and an adjacent outer capacitor plate also made of a conducting material. The stacked capacitor is typically formed on a silicon substrate. A region of the substrate known as the active region is located at the bottom of the contact opening within which the vertically oriented capacitor is formed. The active region connects to the inner plate of the capacitor, which connection connects the capacitor with other semiconductor devices formed on the silicon substrate. One example of a stacked capacitor is given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,175 to Kei Kurosawa.

A contact opening 28 for a stacked capacitor is seen in FIG. 1. An underlying substrate 10 has formed thereon an active region 12, which is typically a source or drain region of a transistor. Above active region 12 is contact opening 28 formed in a polysilicon layer 26. Two field oxide "bird's beaks" isolation regions (not shown) can be located to either side of active region 12.

FIG. 2 is a further construction of a stacked capacitor within contact opening 28 seen in FIG. 1. An inner capacitor plate 36 is typically formed within contact opening 28 and is intended to make electrical contact with active region 12. A dielectric layer 37 is deposited over inner capacitor plate 36 and a outer capacitor plate 38 is deposited over dielectric layer 37.

It is undesirable that contact opening 28 make contact with one or more bird's beak isolation regions which may be located on either side of active region 12. It has proven difficult, however, to center contact opening 28 directly above active region 12, especially when active region 12 is a small area. Thus, it is undesirable that inner capacitor plate 36 formed within contact opening 28 overlap one of the bird's beak isolation regions that may be on either side of active region 12. Such an overlap may cause a leakage of the capacitor. Leakage from capacitors can cause failure in the particular circuit being formed. In the particular case where the capacitor is part of a memory cell of a DRAM memory module, a leaky capacitor will be unable to maintain charges between refresh states. This causes data corruption and thus a defect condition.

A further problem encountered with the structure of FIG. 2 is that polysilicon layer 26 is formed as the sidewall seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 to be as thin as possible for greater device densities. Thus, the sidewalls of polysilicon layer 26 have a much greater dimension in the Y direction than in the X direction seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. During the rigors of fabrication, the sidewalls of polysilicon layer 26 can be lifted completely off of underlying silicon substrate 10 due their thinness. At the minimum, the sidewalls of polysilicon layer 26 can be bent or damaged. Thus, a structure with greater structural rigidity is desirable.

Accordingly, a method is needed for creating capacitors with smaller horizontal contact area to the underlying substrate. Particularly, a method is needed whereby a vertically oriented capacitor can be formed such that the capacitor can be easily located directly over an underlying active region of modest proportions without overlap into adjacent regions. Such a capacitor must also be relatively structurally rigid in order to overcome the problems discussed above.

SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to resolve the above and other problems that have been experienced in the art. More particularly, the present invention constitutes an advancement in the art by providing a contact opening in a polysilicon layer having a straight sidewall etched at a sloped angle and a method for etching such a sidewall selective to oxide which achieves each of the objects listed below.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a capacitor which occupies a minimal amount of horizontal contact area on the underlying substrate, and particularly to provide a vertically oriented capacitor which has a buried contact having minimal surface area at the substrate.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a contact opening having a straight sidewall etched in polysilicon at a sloped angle to the substrate, wherein a vertically oriented and sloped capacitor plate can be constructed.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a funnel-shaped capacitor having sloping capacitor plates etched in polysilicon.

It is likewise an object of the present invention to provide a method for etching sidewalls in polysilicon, which etch is selective to oxide, such that the sidewalls will not punch through an oxide etch barrier layer of the etched structure.

It is further an object of the present invention to provide such a method which can form straight sidewalls which are sloped at an angle with respect to the substrate.

It yet another object of the present invention to provide such a method which has a high etch rate for high manufacturing throughput.

To achieve the foregoing objects in a preferred embodiment, a structure is provided for a contact opening adjacent a straight sidewall having a sloping angle with respect to a substrate, the sidewall being etched through a layer of polysilicon above an oxide etch barrier layer. The contact opening is of particular usefulness in forming capacitors, especially capacitors in DRAM memory modules. The sloped sidewall structure aids in forming a compact capacitor which allows for a greater density of memory elements within the memory module. Thus, a typical contact opening of the present invention will be etched through a polysilicon layer located on a silicon substrate which has been provided with an active region under the polysilicon layer. The active region may have one or more field oxide bird's beak isolation regions adjacent to it. Above the active region and beneath the polysilicon layer is typically located an oxide etch barrier layer. The contact opening will extend through the oxide etch barrier layer to the active region. The contact opening is bordered by the active region and the oxide etch barriers. The contact opening will preferably not contact the field oxide bird's beak isolation regions adjacent to the active region.

The present invention also provides a method for etching contact openings in polysilicon with high selectivity to oxide to form straight sidewalls in the contact opening which are set at a sloping angle with respect to the underlying substrate. The method comprises the following steps. First, a silicon substrate is provided and thereon is formed an active region, which is typically doped by ion implantation. In DRAM applications, the active region typically is the source or drain of a Mos transistor. One or more field oxide "bird's beaks" insulating regions may be situated within the substrate adjacent to the active region. The field oxide "bird's beaks" insulating regions can be formed by localized oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) processing. Above the active region is then formed a thin etch barrier layer of oxide, typically silicon dioxide (SiO₂).

Above the etch barrier layer is then deposited a layer of polysilicon. In the process of forming a stacked capacitor, the polysilicon layer typically must be etched to form a contact opening within which the capacitor plate is formed. The contact opening is etched so as to have a straight sidewall set to slope at an angle relative to the plane of the underlying silicon substrate. In forming this contact opening, a process chemistry is selected that uses diatomic chlorine (Cl₂) as a base etchant. The present invention can be achieved using one of four embodiments of the Cl₂ base etchant.

The first embodiment comprises a two-step process that is conducted in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher (MRIE). The first step utilizes pure Cl₂ exposed to the polysilicon at a low pressure, moderate power, and moderate magnetic field. The second step of this embodiment comprises the chemistry of Cl₂ and HeO₂ exposed to the polysilicon layer at low pressure, low power, and in a moderate magnetic field.

A second embodiment comprises the exposure of Cl₂ and HeO₂ to the polysilicon layer in an etcher for which power, pressure, and magnetic parameters have been optimized to provide a high etch rate and high selectivity to the underlying oxide etch barrier layer.

A third embodiment is an etch that is conducted in either a reactive ion etch system or a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etch system, and comprises the exposure of Cl₂ along with a passivating gas such as N₂ or O₂ to the polysilicon. The same parameters of low pressure and low to moderate power as described above are used.

A fourth embodiment is an etch conducted in a high density etcher, which etch uses Cl₂ chemistry and a passivation gas such as N₂ or O₂ or mixtures of N₂ and O₂ with He at a low pressure, a low bias power, and a wide range of source power.

Each of these embodiments etches a contact opening in the polysilicon layer that, when conducted for a proper amount of time for a desired depth of the contact opening, will result in a straight sidewall set at a sloped angle with respect to the underlying substrate. Furthermore, due to the high selectivity of the etch process to oxide, the etch will be conducted at a high rate on the polysilicon layer, yet will stop at an underlying oxide etch barrier layer without substantially punching through to the underlying active region, substrate, or other structures.

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained will become apparent, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be illustrated by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a contact opening within which a prior art stacked capacitor is to be formed.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of a prior art stacked capacitor formed within the contact opening seen in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of a silicon wafer shown after initial steps of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of the silicon wafer of FIG. 3 undergoing a further step of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional illustration of the silicon wafer of FIG. 4 undergoing yet another step of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional illustration of the silicon wafer of FIG. 5 undergoing final steps of the method of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is based upon the discovery that sloping the sidewall of a contact opening for a capacitor avoids many leakage problems associated with conventional vertically oriented capacitors. Thus, the present invention comprises a vertically oriented capacitor formed within a contact opening having sloped sidewalls etched in polysilicon, and is particularly useful for forming DRAM memory modules. The present invention also comprises a method for forming a contact opening having sloped sidewalls by etching polysilicon with high selectivity to oxide.

The method of the present invention involves the steps illustrated in FIGS. 3 through 6. FIG. 3 shows the result of a series of process steps for a silicon substrate 10. A portion of silicon substrate 10 is doped, typically by photolithography, masking, and an ion bombardment doping of impurities so as to form active region 12. Active region 12 is typically a source or drain of a MOS transistor. One or more field oxide bird's beak isolation regions (not shown) can also be formed adjacent to active area 12. The method typically used for creating such bird's beak isolation regions is localized oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) processing. An oxide etch barrier layer 32 is formed above active region 12. A layer of polysilicon 30 is then formed above oxide etch barrier layer 32 using deposition methods commonly known in the art.

The next step, shown in FIG. 4, comprises etching a contact opening through polysilicon layer 30 so as to form a substantially straight sidewall 33 that slopes at an angle with respect to silicon substrate 10. Sidewall 33 in polysilicon layer 30 is linearly straight and has a cross-sectional as shown in FIG. 4. Sidewall 33, which is set at an angle with respect to substrate 10, is referred to hereinafter as having a "sloped angle," of between about 80 and about 85 degrees from the plane of underlying silicon substrate 10. The etch is selective to oxide etch barrier layer 32 and etches polysilicon at a high rate, yet stops etching at oxide etch barrier layer 32, so as to not etch into active region 12.

The etch step seen in FIG. 4 uses a diatomic chlorine (Cl₂) etch chemistry with up to four different embodiments of the etch.

The first embodiment is performed in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher, and comprises a two step process. The first step comprises the use of pure Cl₂, exposed to polysilicon layer 30 at a low pressure, moderate power, and with a moderate magnetic field. Low pressure is defined herein as a pressure in the range of between about 1 and 100 millitorr. Moderate power is defined herein as a power in the range of between about 200 and 700 Watts. A moderate magnetic field is defined herein as a field in the range of between about 50 and 100 Gauss.

The second step utilizes a chemistry of Cl₂ and HeO₂ exposed to polysilicon layer 30 at a low pressure, a low power, and with a moderate magnetic field. Low power is defined herein as a power in the range of between about 50 and 200 Watts.

The first embodiment of the method of the present invention has been found to be satisfactory, although a second embodiment achieves similar results with a one-step etch process. The one-step etch process uses the same chemistry as the first embodiment, but employs an etcher for which specific power, magnetic, and pressure parameters have been optimized to result in a high etch rate of polysilicon with high selectivity to oxide throughout the single step etch. In etchers, such as a LAM Research Rainbow™ or a LAM Research 9400™ high density etcher, the biasing and electrical parameters are modified for each machine for high selectivity to oxide with high etch rates for polysilicon. This optimizing process results in a contact opening with a straight sidewall set at the sloped angle as described above, but can be performed in one step for greater throughput. LAM Research etchers are manufactured by Lam Research, located in Fremont, Calif., U.S.A.

The third embodiment of the method of the present invention comprises the use of a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etch (MRIE) system using Cl₂ gas with a passivating gas such as N₂ or O₂ and similar process parameters to those stated above for the first embodiment. That is, low pressure is used as well as low to moderate power, as defined above. In so doing, the passivation gas in combination with the Cl₂ and the etch byproducts will form polymerizing compounds such as Si_(x) Cl_(y) O_(z) (where X, Y, and Z are variables) which will slow down the etch rate of oxide leading to enhanced polysilicon to oxide selectivity. This embodiment of the method of the present invention could also be performed in a reactive ion etcher (RIE). This polymerization in combination with carbon from the resist will form polymer on the polysilicon sidewall which will lead to the desired profile slope of between 80-85 degrees.

The fourth embodiment of the method of the present invention uses an etch chemistry of Cl₂ and a passivation gas such as N₂ or O₂. The passifying gas acts to inhibit the chlorine from etching the polysilicon in a anisotropic manner, as described above. As described above, a high density etcher is operated for the fourth embodiment at low pressure, low bias power, and at a wide range of top power. Low bias power is defined herein as a power applied at the bottom of a high density etcher in the range of between about 10 and 300 Watts. A wide range of top power is defined herein as power applied to the top of a high density etcher chamber in the range of between about 100 and 3000 Watts.

One example of a high density etcher is a LAM Research 9400. High density etchers typically have a chamber having a chuck with which power is applied at the bottom of the chamber. A power source is also located at the top of the chamber where a wound coil creates an electric field. The electrical field induces a plasma in the upper region of the chamber which allows more power to be applied to the system, yet does not raise the bias on the bottom of the chamber or reduce the selectivity to oxide. Thus, the bottom power determines the selectivity to oxide and the top power determines the etch rate of polysilicon. Consequently, both a high etch rate of polysilicon and a high selectivity to oxide can be maintained such that the etch can be performed in one step as was discussed with respect to first embodiment.

Each of the foregoing methods must be conducted for an appropriate amount of time with respect to the depth of the contact opening being etched in the polysilicon layer. Additionally, each of the foregoing methods is highly selective to oxide. This provides advantages in that a high etch rate of polysilicon is achieved for high throughput, yet an overetch will not occur. Thus, the etch will not extend substantially into contact opening 34 past active region 12. The etch can also be successfully conducted for contact openings having a high aspect ratio and will maintain a straight sidewall. In each of the embodiments, the combination of Si, Cl, and C with or without the passivating gases of N₂, O₂, or He/O₂ will lead to polymerization. This polymerization will cause the polysilicon profile to slope to the desired degree.

As seen in FIG. 4, a layer 36, composed of a conductive material such as polysilicon, is formed within contact opening 34 so as to make contact with active region 12. Layer 36, which can be formed by conventional techniques, is intended to be an inner plate for a capacitor.

FIG. 5 shows a subsequent step in which a dielectric layer 37 is formed over layer 36 within contact opening 34. As seen in FIG. 6, an upper capacitor plate 38, is deposited above dielectric layer 37 to form the complete capacitor structure. Thus, the sloped profile of the contact opening 34 allows the proper formation of a vertically stacked capacitor such that it can form a buried contact with active region 12, where active region 12 can be properly located between adjacent insulating bird's beak isolation regions so as to substantially reduce the likelihood of leakage. The resultant polysilicon structure from the novel method is stable on the silicon substrate of the wafer such that the structure will not lift off or be deformed. This structural stability results, as can be seen from a comparison of a distance X seen in FIG. 6 to a smaller dimension X seen in the prior art FIG. 2.

When formed with the novel method of the present invention, the capacitor will be vertically oriented and will have the shape of a funnel, rather than the conventional cylindrical shape known in the prior art. Nevertheless, the capacitor formed by the method of the present invention will still exhibit similar electrical characteristics to cylindrical stacked capacitors.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to capacitor formation. Rather, any process by which sloped sidewalls must be formed in polysilicon can be accomplished with the present invention, particularly when the contact opening must expose only a limited underlying surface area. The present invention is particularly advantageous, however, for use with vertically oriented capacitors, as described above.

Thus, the present invention provides a novel structure for forming an integrated circuit capacitor which is specifically suitable for DRAM memory modules and other applications where high densities of capacitors are required. The present invention overcomes the problems in the art of leakage of such vertically oriented capacitors. The novel structure of the present invention is provided by a method for etching sloped contact openings in polysilicon with a high oxide selectivity.

The foregoing etching methods described above are preferred to accomplish the sloping the contact opening sidewalls in polysilicon so as to locate the inner capacitor plate in the proper position on an active area in a silicon substrate. The inventors have found less desirable methods in that such methods provide a difficult structure to etch in a repeatable fashion. For instance, it has been determined that the use of traditional etchants, such as CF₄, SF₆, NF₃, and HBr, are inadequate for forming sloped contact openings in polysilicon. The use of CF₄ or any other carbon-containing gas would result in a poor selectivity of polysilicon to oxide. The use of fluorine-containing gases such as SF₆ and NF₃ would result in a profile which would not have the desirable slope and would also result in poor polysilicon to oxide selectivity. The use of pure HBr as an etchant would result in an etch rate which, once again, would be much too slow. Thus, such lesser methods of etching sloped contract openings are not preferred. However, mixtures of Cl₂ and HBr with or without the passivating gases of N₂, O₂ or He/O₂ can be used to increase the selectivity to the underlying oxide.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrated and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is: 

What is claimed is:
 1. A vertically oriented capacitor formed on an underlying semiconductor substrate, comprising:an active region having a contact and being located on the semiconductor substrate; an oxide etch barrier layer having a top surface, being formed on the active region, and having a frustroconical recess formed therein that has a first straight sidewall:situated upon the oxide etch barrier; and extending from the top surface of the oxide etch barrier to the active region; a polysilicon layer formed on the oxide etch barrier layer, having a top surface, and having a frustroconical recess formed therein that has a second straight sidewall:co-linear with the first straight sidewall; situated on the polysilicon layer; at an acute angle with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and extending from the top surface of the polysilicon layer to the top surface of the oxide etch barrier; a first electrically conductive layer upon the first and second straight sidewalls and on the active region; an insulative layer on the first conductive layer; and a second electrically conductive layer on the insulative layer.
 2. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein:the second electrically conductive layer has a top surface; and the minimum distance between the top surface of the second electrically conductive layer and the top surface of the oxide etch barrier layer is greater than the minimum distance between the top surface of the polysilicon layer and the top surface of the oxide etch barrier layer.
 3. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is a monocrystalline silicon substrate.
 4. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate substantially defines a horizontal plane, and wherein the sloping angle of the first and second straight sidewalls are set at an angle in the range of between about 80 and about 85 degrees from the horizontal plane of the semiconductor substrate.
 5. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein:the first straight sidewall extends a distance X parallel to the top surface of the polysilicon layer and extends a distance Y perpendicular to the top surface of the polysilicon layer; and Y>X>zero.
 6. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 5, wherein Y>2X.
 7. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 5, wherein 3X>Y>2X.
 8. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second straight sidewalls form a frustroconical shape.
 9. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein the second straight sidewall contacts the active region.
 10. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 1, wherein the active region has a field oxide bird's beak isolation region adjacent thereto.
 11. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 10, wherein the first straight sidewall does not contact the field oxide bird's beak isolation regions adjacent to the active region.
 12. The vertically oriented capacitor as recited in claim 10, wherein the polysilicon layer is in contact with the field oxide bird's beak isolation region adjacent to the active region.
 13. A capacitor structure comprising:a substrate; a first insulative layer upon the substrate and having a frustroconical recess therein; a polysilicon layer upon the first insulative layer, and having therein a frustroconical opening, said opening having a substantially straight sidewall projecting at an acute angle with respect to said substrate; a first capacitor plate within both the recess and the opening and upon both the sidewall and the substrate; a second insulative layer within the opening and on the first capacitor; and a second capacitor plate within the contact opening and upon the second insulative layer.
 14. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 13, wherein:the first insulative layer has a top surface; the polysilicon layer has a top surface; the second capacitor plate has a top surface; and the minimum distance between the top surface of the second capacitor plate and the top surface of the first insulative layer is greater than the minimum distance between the top surface of the polysilicon layer and the top surface of the first insulative layer.
 15. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 13, wherein the substrate substantially defines a horizontal plane from which the opening project at said acute angle, and where the acute angle is in the range from about 80 degrees to about 85 degrees.
 16. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 13, wherein the substrate, wherein the first insulative layer is composed of oxide.
 17. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 13, wherein:the first capacitor plate is upon an electrically active region of the substrate.
 18. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 13, wherein:the polysilicon layer has a top surface terminating at the opening; the polysilicon layer is upon a contact surface of the substrate; the contact surface on the substrate has a top surface terminating at the opening; a distance X is between the termination of the top surface of the polysilicon layer at the opening and the termination of the top surface of the contact surface on the substrate; a distance Y is between the top surface of the polysilicon layer to the top surface of the contact surface on the substrate; and Y>X>zero.
 19. A capacitor structure comprising:a substrate; an electrically insulative layer upon the substrate and having a frustroconical first recess therein; an electrically conductive layer, composed of polysilicon, upon the electrically insulative layer and having a frustroconical second recess therein; wherein the first and second recesses include an opening that extends through the electrically conductive layer, said opening having:a frustroconical shape; and a substantially straight sidewall projecting at an acute angle with respect to the substrate, wherein the electrically conductive layer:has a top surface terminating at the opening; and is upon a contact surface of the substrate, and wherein the contact surface on the substrate has a top surface terminating at the opening; and wherein:the opening extends through the electrically insulative layer on the substrate; a distance X is between the termination of the top surface of the electrically conductive layer at the opening and the termination of the top surface of the contact surface on the substrate; a distance Y is between the top surface of the electrically conductive layer to the top surface of the contact surface on the substrate; and Y>X>zero; a first capacitor plate within the opening and upon both the sidewall and the substrate; a dielectric layer within the opening and on the first capacitor plate; and a second capacitor plate within the contact opening and upon the dielectric layer.
 20. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 19, wherein said substrate is a semiconductor substrate having an active area therein in contact the contact surface of the substrate.
 21. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 19, wherein the acute angle is in a range from about 80 degrees to about 85 degrees with respect to the substrate.
 22. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 19, wherein:the second capacitor plate has a top surface; the electrically insulative layer has a top surface; and the minimum distance between the top surface of the second capacitor plate and the top surface of the electrically insulative layer is greater than the minimum distance between the top surface of the electrically conductive layer and the top surface of the electrically insulative layer.
 23. A capacitor structure comprising:a pair of frustroconical recesses, one defined in polysilicon and the other defined in oxide and terminating at a substrate; a storage node upon the substrate and the first and second recesses; a cell dielectric upon the storage node; and a cell plate upon the cell dielectric.
 24. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein:the substrate is a semiconductor substrate having an active area therein; the other recess terminates at the active area in a semiconductor substrate; and the storage node is upon the active area.
 25. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein the first and second recesses are contiguous.
 26. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein the first and second recesses have co-linear sidewalls.
 27. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein:the first and second recesses are contiguous; and the first and second recesses have sidewalls that are co-linear one to another.
 28. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein each of the storage node, the cell dielectric, and the cell dielectric has a frustroconical outer surface.
 29. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein:the polysilicon has a top surface; and each of the storage node, the cell dielectric, and the cell dielectric has an outer surface that is parallel to the top surface of the polysilicon.
 30. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 23, wherein:the cell plate has a top surface; both the polysilicon and the oxide in which the pair of recesses are respectively defined each have a top surface; and the minimum distance between the top surface of the cell plate and the top surface of the oxide is greater than the minimum distance between the top surface of the polysilicon and the top surface of the oxide.
 31. A capacitor structure comprising:a semiconductor substrate having an active area therein; an oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate; a polysilicon layer on the oxide layer; a pair of contiguous frustroconical recesses having co-linear sidewalls respectively in the polysilicon layer and the oxide layer, the recess in the oxide layer terminating at the semiconductor substrate; a storage node upon the active area; a cell dielectric upon the storage node; a cell plate upon the cell dielectric; and wherein:there is a top surface on each of the polysilicon layer, the cell plate, and oxide layer; and the minimum distance between the top surface of the cell plate and the top surface of the oxide layer is greater than the minimum distance betveen the top surface of the polysilicon layer and the top surface of the oxide layer.
 32. The capacitor structure as defined in claim 31, wherein:the storage node is within the pair of recesses; the cell dielectric is within the recess within the polysilicon layer; and the cell plate is within the polysilicon layer. 